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聚烯烃是重要的高分子材料，但在工业生产中，其粉尘在特定操作或环境条件下会引发爆炸，严重威胁车间安全和人员生命。基于上述问题，系统综述了聚烯烃粉尘及气粉混合体系的燃爆机理、影响因素和防控措施。首先介绍了聚烯烃粉尘的爆炸特性及其与可燃气体爆炸机理的耦合关系，阐明了聚烯烃粉尘粒径、浓度等参数对爆炸压力、爆炸指数、最小点火能量、最小点火温度及最小爆炸浓度的作用规律；其次，总结了常用抑爆剂如Al(OH)3、CaCO3和NaHCO3的作用机理及其在降低反应活性自由基浓度、吸热稀释可燃物等方面的效果；再次，对已有粉尘爆炸预测及评估模型进行梳理；最后，对聚烯烃粉尘爆炸研究的不足之处和未来方向进行展望，如微观反应机理研究、复合抑爆剂开发以及多尺度预测模型构建。本文综述有助于深入理解聚烯烃粉尘爆炸的本质规律，为提升工业安全和制定科学防护措施提供参考。
Abstract：Polyolefins are important polymer materials. However, in industrial production, their dust can cause explosions under specific operating or environmental conditions, seriously threatening workshop safety and personnel lives. Based on the above issues, this article systematically reviews the explosion mechanism, influencing factors, and prevention measures of polyolefin dust and gas-dust mixtures. Firstly, the explosion characteristics of polyolefin dust and its coupling relationship with the explosion mechanism of flammable gases were introduced. The action laws of parameters such as particle size and concentration of polyolefin dust on explosion pressure, explosion index, minimum ignition energy, minimum ignition temperature, and minimum explosion concentration were clarified. Secondly, the action mechanisms of commonly used explosion suppressants such as Al(OH)3, CaCO3, and NaHCO3 were summarized, as well as their effects on reducing reactive radical concentrations and suppressing combustion through heat absorption and dilution. Thirdly, sort out the existing prediction and assessment models for dust explosions. Finally, the shortcomings and future directions of the research on polyolefin dust explosions are prospected, including the study of microscopic reaction mechanisms, the development of composite explosion suppressants, and the construction of multi-scale prediction models. This review facilitates a deeper understanding of the fundamental laws of polyolefin dust explosions and provides a reference for enhancing industrial safety and formulating scientific protective measures.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X932
引用信息:
[1]陈瑶,张智琛,朱云峰,等.聚烯烃粉尘燃爆机制及模型研究综述[J].安全、健康和环境,2025,25(11):1-11.
基金信息:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2024YFC3082600),超高压聚合体系失控致灾机制