安全、健康和环境

针对高比例新能源并网导致的石化企业电力系统供电稳定性问题，综合运用危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)、保护层分析(LOPA)及电力系统稳定分析仿真(BPA)等分析方法，构建了一套适用于石化企业新能源接入场景的安全稳定风险评估体系。与传统公用电网评估相比，该体系突出石化场景特色，实现“风险辨识-保护层评估-定量验证”的闭环联动：首先，采用HAZOP方法，聚焦辨识新能源电站、并网点及接入配电网络各单元的潜在风险，并基于风险矩阵评定风险等级；其次，运用LOPA方法，提出石化特色保护层，对新能源接入后所配置的继电保护与自动装置等稳定控制措施进行半定量可靠性评估；最后，结合BPA仿真工具，通过静态与暂态安全稳定性分析，定量评估系统的最大新能源接入容量及在极端与异常工况下的稳定特性。研究结果可为石化企业的新能源规划与安全并网提供科学依据与实践参考。

In response to the unique challenges posed by the integration of a high proportion of renewable energy into the power systems of petrochemical enterprises, this paper establishes a safety and stability risk assessment system suitable for renewable energy grid integration scenarios in petrochemical plants by comprehensively utilizing assessment tools such as HAZOP, LOPA, and BPA. Compared with traditional public power grid assessment, this system highlights the characteristics of petrochemical scenarios and realizes a closed-loop linkage of “risk identification-protection layer assessment-quantitative verification”. First, the HAZOP method is applied to systematically identify potential risks and assess risk levels in the renewable energy power station, grid-connection points, and access system. Second, the LOPA method is employed to conduct a semi-quantitative reliability evaluation of stability control measures by integrating petrochemical-specific protection layers. Finally, combined with BPA simulation tools, static and transient safety and stability analyses are performed to quantitatively evaluate the maximum renewable energy integration capacity of the system and its stability characteristics under extreme operating conditions, and verify the effectiveness of the protection layers. The research outcomes can provide a scientific basis and practical reference for renewable energy planning and secure grid integration in petrochemical enterprises.